what is a shell?
it is a command line interface for running programs on your computer, developers use it a lot because it is fast and flexible & the most majority of web servers in the wild run on Linux and shell is a vital tool for deployment & remote administration on Linux servers, it so much like programming
also, to interact with the shell we need a terminal and it is not just a commands it is also a programming language.
windows do have a build in command shell it is based on old MS-DOS command line rather than the UNIX.
for web developers, a Unix style shell is pretty much a professional standard because so much of the web runs on Linux servers.
in the following blog, I will use a BASH shell which is by far the most likely to Unix style shell.
windows come with a shell exactly like Linux & MAC you can call it by type in the search bar "windows Power shell" this will help you use the shell without any programs also in the next following lines I will set up a GIT bash shell to work with but it is exactly is the same.
after opening windows power shell you need to test some command lines that will help you soon :)
* ls -> LIST command this lists the files in the directory and may take some parameters such
-l --long details also may take the file name it is going to list it's content
examples:
ls -l Documents/Books/*.pdf -- this line lists only files with .pdf extension
*cd -> current directory this enables you to open the directory and move between directories
example:
cd Document/books --move the current directory to books
cd .. -- return from the current directory
*mkdir ->make directory this will create a new folder by your specified name in the directory you enter
example:
mkdir Document/Test -create a new folder
*mv -> move the files from a folder to another (CUT)
example:
mv Documents/books/* Documents --this will move all books contents into documents
mv Documents/books Documents -- this will move books which in documents into documents so actually, this will do nothing :)
cd Documents;mv books/*.jpg . --this will move all .jpg files to a current directory also we can use; to separate between commands in the same line
cd Documents/books; mv * .. -- move all files in that directory into the parent directory which is documents
mv 'Documents/books/*' Documents -- here we use ' ' to indicate that * is not a special character to
*CURL ->CURL or see URL it shows the source code of the page it may take some parameters such
-L to show the source code of the web page
-o download page from the url
'address' the URL
example:
curl -o google.html 'http://google.com' -- this will save the url as HTML file on your current directory
*CAT ->catenate or concatenate or show the text file content all at once
*LESS -> show less of the file and you can show more by space
*rm ->remove file
examples:
rm 'rm bad File' 'good name bad face'
rm *bad* --will remove all files by name
rm bad!good --will remove files contain bad & good name in it
rm *'bad F'* --will remove file contain "bad F" in it's name
*rmdir -> remove directory
*grep shell dictionary.txt -> it will list all files that contain shell in this test file
there is a whole language that can be used with grep you can google it:).
*Environment variables: it is related to that variables that changes while I am running the shell and can be changed when I am going threw shell commands such PWD command or in this case a variable :].
*Shell variables it is the variables that are connected to the shell itself such as PATH , LINES,COLUMNS extra.
*there is a file called ".bash_profile" which is for logging shell commands
and ".bashrc" for non logging shell command these tow files contain the commands that will run immediately while the shell is running so these two files must be contained in the working directory with no extension if you want to edit you can run with any text editor and type any command or alias you will use
NOTICE that for git-bash shell you have to create these to files in the default working path which by default for windows 10 will be "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Roaming\SPB_Data"
and you have to Write this code to .bash_profile
to make sure that the file ".bashrc" will run but actually for windows this file is't used :) so you don't need this code but for Linux or MAC users you have to write this code
it is a command line interface for running programs on your computer, developers use it a lot because it is fast and flexible & the most majority of web servers in the wild run on Linux and shell is a vital tool for deployment & remote administration on Linux servers, it so much like programming
also, to interact with the shell we need a terminal and it is not just a commands it is also a programming language.
windows do have a build in command shell it is based on old MS-DOS command line rather than the UNIX.
for web developers, a Unix style shell is pretty much a professional standard because so much of the web runs on Linux servers.
in the following blog, I will use a BASH shell which is by far the most likely to Unix style shell.
windows come with a shell exactly like Linux & MAC you can call it by type in the search bar "windows Power shell" this will help you use the shell without any programs also in the next following lines I will set up a GIT bash shell to work with but it is exactly is the same.
after opening windows power shell you need to test some command lines that will help you soon :)
* ls -> LIST command this lists the files in the directory and may take some parameters such
-l --long details also may take the file name it is going to list it's content
examples:
ls -l Documents/Books/*.pdf -- this line lists only files with .pdf extension
*cd -> current directory this enables you to open the directory and move between directories
example:
cd Document/books --move the current directory to books
cd .. -- return from the current directory
*mkdir ->make directory this will create a new folder by your specified name in the directory you enter
example:
mkdir Document/Test -create a new folder
*mv -> move the files from a folder to another (CUT)
example:
mv Documents/books/* Documents --this will move all books contents into documents
mv Documents/books Documents -- this will move books which in documents into documents so actually, this will do nothing :)
cd Documents;mv books/*.jpg . --this will move all .jpg files to a current directory also we can use; to separate between commands in the same line
cd Documents/books; mv * .. -- move all files in that directory into the parent directory which is documents
mv 'Documents/books/*' Documents -- here we use ' ' to indicate that * is not a special character to
*CURL ->CURL or see URL it shows the source code of the page it may take some parameters such
-L to show the source code of the web page
-o download page from the url
'address' the URL
example:
curl -o google.html 'http://google.com' -- this will save the url as HTML file on your current directory
*CAT ->catenate or concatenate or show the text file content all at once
*LESS -> show less of the file and you can show more by space
*rm ->remove file
examples:
rm 'rm bad File' 'good name bad face'
rm *bad* --will remove all files by name
rm bad!good --will remove files contain bad & good name in it
rm *'bad F'* --will remove file contain "bad F" in it's name
*rmdir -> remove directory
*grep shell dictionary.txt -> it will list all files that contain shell in this test file
there is a whole language that can be used with grep you can google it:).
*Environment variables: it is related to that variables that changes while I am running the shell and can be changed when I am going threw shell commands such PWD command or in this case a variable :].
*Shell variables it is the variables that are connected to the shell itself such as PATH , LINES,COLUMNS extra.
*there is a file called ".bash_profile" which is for logging shell commands
and ".bashrc" for non logging shell command these tow files contain the commands that will run immediately while the shell is running so these two files must be contained in the working directory with no extension if you want to edit you can run with any text editor and type any command or alias you will use
NOTICE that for git-bash shell you have to create these to files in the default working path which by default for windows 10 will be "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Roaming\SPB_Data"
and you have to Write this code to .bash_profile
to make sure that the file ".bashrc" will run but actually for windows this file is't used :) so you don't need this code but for Linux or MAC users you have to write this code
*alias this command enables you to write your hot commands in a handy way example alias ll='ls -la' with no spaces around equal sign
now i think that's all that you would need to deal with Git right now.
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